At long last, my corporate mail account has just been moved across to an Exchange Server 2007 system with Outlook Anywhere enabled. Unfortunately, when I came to configure the Outlook mail profile, I couldn't find the Mail control panel applet.
On a 64-bit version of Windows, Control Panel defaults to showing 64-bit applets, but the Outlook mail applet is 32-bit. To access it, open the 32-bit Control Panel:
C:\Windows\SysWOW64\control.exe mlcfg32.cpl
Alternatively, run C:\Windows\SysWOW64\control.exe and navigate to Mail from there.